Metal Building Kits by State: Prices, Codes & Permit Rules

No statewide code for privately funded construction. Building Commission (DCM) enforces 2021 IBC/IEBC/IPC/IFGC/IMC/IFC, 2020 NEC and ASHRAE 90.1-2013 only for state-funded projects, K-12 and postsecondary schools, hotels/motels and movie theaters. Residential: 2015 IRC / 2015 IECC baseline where adopted; statewide mandatory residential code from Jan 1 2027 under the Home Builders Licensure Board.

No state map or table. Verified: unincorporated Mobile County 160 mph and City of Foley 157 mph, both Risk Category II. North Alabama not published by any state source. Mobile County also fixes SDC A, ground snow 0 psf, footing depth 12 in, winter design 29°F, and Risk Category II minimum for structures over 1,000 sq ft under roof.

No statewide mandatory building code for privately funded construction; permits come from the city, or from a county commission that has adopted codes for unincorporated areas. A statewide residential code becomes mandatory January 1, 2027. Agricultural buildings are exempt from the state residential code except for any residence contained within them.

NO STATEWIDE BUILDING CODE. County adoption is permissive under A.R.S. § 11-861(A): the board of supervisors "may adopt and enforce, for the unincorporated areas of the county so zoned, a building code … except that the board may authorize that areas zoned rural or unclassified may be exempt from the provisions of the code adopted." Municipal adoption is likewise permissive under A.R.S. § 9-802. NO STATE BACKSTOP — unlike New Mexico and Colorado, no state agency permits or inspects private site-built construction where a county declines; Arizona is structurally closer to Missouri and Kentucky. VERIFIED ADOPTIONS: Pima County 2024 IBC/IRC (Ord. 2025-15); City of Phoenix 2024 Building Construction Code; Maricopa County unincorporated 2018 I-Codes + 2017 NEC; Coconino County 2018 I-Codes + 2017 NEC (Ord. 2019-10, 2024 suite under consideration); Mohave County 2018 I-Codes + 2017 NEC (Bldg Ord. 2021-03 amended thru 7/15/24); Navajo County 2018 IRC/IBC + 2017 NEC; City of Flagstaff 2018 IRC; City of Tucson 2018 IRC amended; Apache County 2015 I-Codes + 2014 electrical; La Paz County 2018 ICC (adopted 2024). GREENLEE COUNTY HAS ADOPTED NO BUILDING CODE — its County Engineer publishes: "Currently, Greenlee County has adopted no building codes. Because we have no codes, Greenlee County has not determined and does not recommend building loads." A nine-year edition spread (Apache 2015 vs Pima/Phoenix 2024) means the referenced load standard differs between neighboring Arizona jurisdictions.

NO STATEWIDE DESIGN CRITERIA — Arizona publishes none for private construction, and AZBO is a voluntary coordination body, not a standards authority. VERIFIED JURISDICTION VALUES: City of Tucson 0 psf ground snow, 115 mph 3-sec gust, SDC B, 0 in frost; City of Phoenix 105 mph, SDC B, 0 in frost (2024 code); Maricopa County unincorporated 115 mph, SDC B, 0 in frost; Mohave County negligible snow, 96 mph, SDC C; Navajo County 29 psf (Joseph City/Winslow/Woodruff) to 64 psf (Heber/Overgaard), 115 mph, Exposure B or C by location, SDC B; Gila County 0 psf below 2,000 ft / 25 psf 2,000–4,500 ft / 50 psf 4,500–6,000 ft / historical data above 6,000 ft, 90 mph 3-sec gust, SDC B (Pine, Strawberry, Payson) or C (Globe, Miami, Roosevelt Lake Dam), frost 12 in below 4,900 ft and 18 in at or above; City of Flagstaff 60 psf, 115 mph, SDC C, 30 in frost; Coconino County elevation-banded, topping out at 75 psf at 8,000 ft with values above that from the county's own snow load study. RANGE ACROSS THE STATE: 0 psf to 75+ psf and a full seismic category step. COCONINO COUNTY ISSUES DESIGN CRITERIA PER ASSESSOR'S PARCEL NUMBER — an application returns ground snow load, footing depth, climate zone and winter design temperature for that specific APN. A buyer there cannot price a frame until the APN is run. NOTE: values come from jurisdictions on different code editions and different referenced load standards, so they are not strictly comparable.

Arizona has no statewide building code — county and municipal adoption are both permissive, counties may exempt their own rural zoning, Greenlee County has adopted no code at all, and there is no state agency that backstops the gap. But contractor licensing is statewide and strict: the widely quoted $1,000 exemption does not apply wherever a building permit is required, and it cannot be reached by splitting contracts. Floodplain authorization, Maricopa County dust permits at a tenth of an acre, and septic apply regardless of building code adoption. Design loads are issued jurisdiction by jurisdiction and, in Coconino County, per parcel number.

2021 Arkansas Fire Prevention Code (2021 IFC / 2021 IBC / 2021 IRC), effective Jan 1 2023, adopted by the State Fire Marshal. Energy is the 2014 Arkansas Energy Code, based on the 2009 IECC. Local governments may adopt and enforce the state code but MAY NOT amend it.

No statewide map or table; 2021 codes reference ASCE 7-16 and the criteria table is filled in by each AHJ. Little Rock reference point: Risk Category II 115 mph, ground snow 10 psf, frost depth 12 in. Statutory seismic zones exist for PUBLIC structures — Zone 3 covers 13 NE counties (Clay, Greene, Craighead, Mississippi, Poinsett, Cross, Crittenden, St. Francis, Randolph, Lawrence, Jackson, Woodruff, Lee).

No statewide building permit. The 2021 Arkansas Fire Prevention Code applies and local governments may adopt and enforce it but may not amend it. Cities issue permits; most counties have no building department. Counties and cities may not impose minimum square footage or ban metal cladding on single-family homes.

Roughly 90–100 mph across most populated areas (ASCE 7-22), but large Special Wind Regions where the mapped value is unusable and the AHJ sets it — about 130 mph San Gorgonio Pass, 130–150 mph at Sierra elevations. Seismic, not wind, governs in most of the state.

Permit required from the city or county for essentially any metal building over 120 sq ft; no rural exemption. Plans must be signed and sealed by a California-licensed engineer or architect, and a geotechnical report is effectively mandatory in Seismic Design Category C–F.

8th Edition (2023) Florida Building Code, effective Dec 31 2023, Building volume based on the 2021 IBC. Separate Building, Residential, Existing Building, Energy Conservation and HVHZ Test Protocols volumes. Three-year cycle under Fla. Stat. 553.73(7)(a); 9th Edition (2026) expected Dec 31 2026 on the 2024 IBC.

ASCE 7-22; Florida removed its own wind maps from the code. Verified anchors: Miami-Dade 175 mph and Destin 152 mph, both Risk Category II. No publishable statewide inland minimum. HVHZ = Miami-Dade and Broward. Wind-borne debris region: within 1 mile of mean high water with Exposure D upwind and V >= 130 mph, or anywhere V >= 140 mph — the 8th Edition deleted "coastal" from the definition, pulling in some inland sites near large water bodies.

Permit required for essentially all construction statewide under Fla. Stat. 553.79, issued by the county or city with no local opt-out, and building components must carry Florida Product Approval — or a Miami-Dade NOA in Miami-Dade and Broward — before the permit will issue.

2024 IBC and 2024 IRC with 2026 Georgia Amendments, effective Jan 1 2026; 2024 IPC/IMC/IFGC; 2023 NEC. Energy code is still the 2015 IECC with Georgia amendments — Georgia never moved off it.

Not published by the state — ASCE 7-22 by coordinates. Georgia adopted no wind speed map and no county table. Note ASCE 7-22 changed values from 7-16 in many regions.

City or county permits; enforcement is local option, but Georgia's 2024 IBC/IRC with 2026 state amendments applies statewide whether or not your county inspects.

NO statewide building code for general private construction — the local code official is the authority having jurisdiction on privately funded projects. But three codes ARE statewide: the Illinois Energy Conservation Code (Energy Efficient Building Act, 20 ILCS 3125; 71 Ill. Adm. Code 600), now on the 2024 IECC effective November 30 2025; the Illinois Plumbing Code (225 ILCS 320; 77 Ill. Adm. Code 890, 2014 edition), administered by IDPH; and the Illinois Accessibility Code (71 Ill. Adm. Code 400, 2018 edition), enforced by the Attorney General. Since January 1 2025, 20 ILCS 3105/10.18 requires any municipality or county that HAS a building code to regulate structural design at least as stringently as an IBC/IRC edition published in the current or preceding nine calendar years — ending the era of a 1990s BOCA code still in force. It does not force a code-free jurisdiction to adopt one. Local adopted editions vary widely; one downstate county was still on the 2012 IBC/IRC in 2026.

No binding statewide design criteria for private construction. The Capital Development Board's Design and Construction Manual publishes ground snow for STATE-FUNDED projects only — 30 psf north of Peoria, 25 psf central, 20 psf south of Carbondale — which is not a code, does not bind private work, and disagrees with what jurisdictions adopt (Chicago uses 25 psf while CDB calls Chicago "northern, 30 psf"). Verified jurisdiction values: Chicago 25 psf ground snow, basic design wind 101/107/114/119 mph by Risk Category I-IV, Ss = 0.125 g and S1 = 0.066 with Site Class D default; Rock Island 30 psf, 107 mph, SDC A, 42 in frost line, winter design −4°F. SEISMIC: Illinois sits over the New Madrid AND Wabash Valley zones; IEMA puts the chance of a magnitude 6.0+ in the NMSZ at 25-40% in any 50-year period, with 3,000+ recorded earthquakes since 1974 and the M5.4 Mount Carmel IL event in 2008. NO Illinois state agency or county publishes a Seismic Design Category — southern Illinois must be pulled per address from ASCE 7.

Illinois has no statewide building code for general private construction, but the energy, plumbing and accessibility codes are statewide, and since 2024 you cannot occupy a newly constructed commercial building in a county without a building code until a privately hired ICC-certified inspector certifies it against seven codes. Zoning and building code authority are separate — many counties have zoning and permits but no building code, and inspect only for setbacks and floodplain compliance.

MANDATORY STATEWIDE CODE, adopted by the Fire Prevention and Building Safety Commission and administered by the Indiana Department of Homeland Security (IDHS), Division of Fire and Building Safety. State rules preempt local ones — IC 22-13-2-3(a): the commission's rules "take precedence over … any ordinance or other regulation adopted by a political subdivision that covers the same subject matter." Under IC 22-13-2-3(c) a local unit may adopt MORE stringent requirements only with Commission approval of the ordinance. CURRENT EDITIONS ARE OLD: Indiana Building Code = 675 IAC 13-2.6, 2012 IBC, effective 12/1/2014. Indiana Residential Code = 675 IAC 14-4.4, 2018 IRC, effective 12/26/2019. Electrical = 675 IAC 17-1.8, 2008 NEC. Plumbing = 2006 IPC. Mechanical = 2012 IMC. Fire = 2012 IFC. A supplier quoting to "current IBC" is quoting the wrong code year for Indiana by over a decade. IN RULEMAKING NOW: a final rule adopting 675 IAC 13-2.7 based on the 2024 IBC (first printing August 2023), repealing 675 IAC 13-2.6 — the LSA document's effective-date field reads "XXXX," i.e. not yet set. RE-CHECK BEFORE EACH INDIANA PAGE REFRESH.

INDIANA PUBLISHES ITS OWN COUNTY-BY-COUNTY TABLES — a relief after Colorado, Washington and Arizona. RESIDENTIAL (Class 2), 675 IAC 14-4.4-5, amended Table R301.2(1), all 92 counties: wind 115 mph STATEWIDE; weathering "Severe"; termite "Moderate to Heavy"; decay "Slight to Moderate." Verified rows: Lake / Porter / LaPorte / St. Joseph / Elkhart / Steuben 30 psf snow, SDC A, 36 in frost, 1°F winter design, ice barrier required; Allen 20 psf, SDC A, 36 in; Marion 20 psf, SDC B, 30 in; Tippecanoe 20 psf, SDC A, 30 in; Vigo 20 psf, SDC B, 24 in; Clark and Floyd 20 psf, SDC B, 24 in; SDC C ACROSS TEN SOUTHWESTERN COUNTIES — Vanderburgh, Posey, Warrick, Gibson, Spencer, Pike, Dubois, Knox, Daviess, Sullivan — 20 psf, 24 in, from the Wabash Valley / New Madrid influence. COMMERCIAL SNOW (Class 1), 675 IAC 13-2.6-18 amending IBC §1608.2 with an Indiana Table 1608.2: 20 psf across most counties; 30 psf in DeKalb, Elkhart, Fulton, Jasper, Kosciusko, LaGrange, Marshall, Newton, Noble, Pulaski, Starke, Steuben; and 30 psf MINIMUM PLUS MANDATORY SITE INVESTIGATION in Lake, LaPorte, Porter and St. Joseph, whose footnote assigns that duty to "the design professional, or owner when a design professional is not required." COMMERCIAL SEISMIC: Indiana CAPS the demand — 675 IAC 13-2.6-18 amends IBC §1613.3.4 so that "for other than H and E occupancies, the maximum values of SDS and SD1 need not exceed the values in Table 1613.3.4" (Site Class D max SDS 0.55, SD1 0.32). Hazardous and educational occupancies get NO cap. COMMERCIAL WIND: Indiana does NOT amend IBC §1609's wind maps, so commercial wind comes from the model code, not an Indiana table. COMMERCIAL FROST DEPTH: Indiana amended a long list of Chapter 18 foundation provisions but NOT §1809.5, so commercial footing depth is "as established by the jurisdiction" — ask the local building department. MONROE COUNTY ODDITY: the residential table and the residential seismic map disagreed; an FPBSC non-rule policy resolves that "Figure R301.2(2) … controls … not Table R301.2(1). Therefore, Monroe County is classified in Seismic Design Category B."

Indiana has a mandatory statewide building code that preempts local rules, but which code applies to your building turns on who uses it: one paid employee, three tenants or public use makes it a Class 1 structure requiring a state design release from IDHS before construction, sealed Indiana engineering above 30,000 cubic feet, and the 2012 commercial code. Otherwise it is a Class 2 outbuilding under a local permit and the 2018 residential code, and the state never inspects it. Agricultural buildings are broadly exempt from both, but the exemption belongs to the use rather than the building and unwinds on conversion. Indiana licenses plumbers, architects and engineers — not general contractors, electricians or HVAC — and what licensing exists is municipal.

NO STATEWIDE BUILDING CODE for private construction, and no state building department. Kansas is a home rule state; counties adopt building codes under general home rule authority (K.S.A. 19-101a) rather than under any dedicated building-code statute, which is why there is no uniform Kansas code and no state roster of what each jurisdiction enforces. Kansas Corporation Commission, verbatim: "Because Kansas is a home rule state, the responsibility for adoption and enforcement of building energy codes lies with local jurisdictions." K.S.A. 12-741(a) is enabling legislation for city and county planning and zoning and expressly does not prevent additional local regulation. THE ONE TRUE STATEWIDE MANDATE IS NARROW: K.S.A. 66-1227 adopts the 2006 IECC as the energy efficiency standard for new commercial and industrial structures. VERIFIED LOCAL ADOPTIONS: Topeka (Ord. 20467); Olathe / Johnson County (2018 I-Codes plus ICC 500-2014 adopted by name); Hays / Ellis County (2024 codes); Wichita and Sedgwick County (Uniform Building and Trade Code, 2018 IRC); Haysville (2018 IRC). RILEY COUNTY REQUIRES A PERMIT BUT HAS ADOPTED NO BUILDING CODES — see permit_authority.

KANSAS PUBLISHES NO STATEWIDE DESIGN CRITERIA. Every figure is jurisdiction-specific. THE CENTRAL FINDING — TWO WIND CONVENTIONS IN USE SIDE BY SIDE: Wichita/Sedgwick County and Haysville publish "76 mph / 90 mph 3-second gust" (older nominal/ASD convention carried into a 2018 IRC adoption); Topeka publishes 114 mph; Olathe 115 mph; Hays 115 mph. Nominal converts to ultimate by a factor of sqrt(1.6), so 90 mph nominal is about 114 mph ultimate — WICHITA, TOPEKA, OLATHE AND HAYS ARE ASKING FOR ESSENTIALLY THE SAME BUILDING. No Kansas jurisdiction explains this. EXPOSURE CATEGORY MOVES FRAME WEIGHT MORE THAN A FEW MPH DOES: rural Kansas is overwhelmingly Exposure C. SNOW: Wichita/Sedgwick and Haysville 15 psf; Topeka 20 psf; Hays 25 psf; range roughly 15–25 psf rising to the northwest. SEISMIC: Category A verified in Topeka, Olathe, Wichita/Sedgwick and Haysville; essentially statewide. WIND GOVERNS THE LATERAL DESIGN, NOT SEISMIC — a supplier emphasizing seismic in a Kansas quote is misreading the state. FROST DEPTH, a 50% swing: Wichita/Sedgwick and Haysville 24 in; Hays 30 in; Topeka 36 in; Olathe 36 in. WEATHERING "Severe" in Topeka, Olathe and Sedgwick County — higher concrete compressive strength and air entrainment required. Termite "Moderate to Heavy" (Topeka), "Moderate/Severe" (Haysville), "YES" (Olathe). Air freezing index 1000 in Topeka and Olathe. NOT VERIFIED: published criteria for far-western Kansas (Garden City, Dodge City, Colby, Goodland) or the southeast; Dodge City's ordinance contained no Table R301.2.

Kansas has no statewide building code and no state building department for private construction — counties adopt under home rule, so the answer is county-specific and some jurisdictions require a permit while having adopted no code at all. Wind governs every metal building here, and two wind-speed conventions are in use side by side, so quotes from different Kansas jurisdictions are not directly comparable. No storm shelter requirement reaches a private shop, though Olathe requires one or a basement in every residence. The agricultural exemption is written against the zoning act rather than building codes, carries no acreage threshold in law, and converts to a deferred liability if the use ever changes.

Mandatory statewide code under KRS 198B.050. Kentucky Building Code, 2018 KBC 4th Edition (February 2024), 815 KAR 7:120, effective 12-3-2024 — based on the 2015 IBC. Kentucky Residential Code, 2018 KRC 3rd Edition (August 2024), 815 KAR 7:125, effective 12-3-2024 — based on the 2015 IRC. NOTE: the "2018" is a Kentucky version label, not the model code year; both run on the 2015 I-Codes. Residential energy code is the 2009 IECC, commercial 2012 IECC. Electrical is the 2023 NEC, with previously-delayed provisions mandatorily enforceable from July 15 2026; DHBC began a 2026 NEC review in spring 2026 with no adoption date announced.

Ultimate design wind speed 115 mph statewide (KRC Table R301.2(1)), with the express instruction that "topographic effects shall be investigated" — relevant on eastern Kentucky ridgetops. Weathering: SEVERE, all counties, which drives concrete durability on every slab and footing. Ground snow 15 psf most counties, 20 psf in a short list of eastern ones. SEISMIC GOVERNS IN THE WEST: KRC Table R301.2.2.1 assigns SDC by county, running to Category D in the far western Jackson Purchase counties against Category B at Louisville and Lexington — a five-step jump inside one state, caused by the New Madrid Seismic Zone. On the commercial side the KBC runs through the 2015 IBC and ASCE 7-10, where SDC derives from mapped values AND Site Class; the deep soft Mississippi Embayment sediments make Site Class a geotechnical question rather than a map lookup.

Kentucky has a mandatory statewide building code with a hole cut in it: permits and inspections are optional for single-family dwellings absent a local ordinance, and the state is statutorily forbidden from filling that gap. Commercial runs the opposite way — where no local program exists the state reviews everything that is not a single-family dwelling. Regardless of any of that, no utility may energize a new building without an electrical certificate of approval.

2021 IBC/IRC/IEBC/IMC/IPC/IFGC and 2020 NEC effective Jan 1 2023; 2021 IECC effective Jul 1 2023. State amendments consolidated March 2024. 2024 I-Codes and 2023 NEC approved July 2026, effective Jan 1 2027.

No parish table and no state wind map — ASCE 7 by coordinates. Louisiana law uses the ASCE 7 110 mph line as its own north/south divider. Lake Charles published at 131 mph Risk Category II. Wind-borne debris regions apply but Louisiana publishes no parish list.

Mandatory statewide code in every parish and municipality including unincorporated areas, with no opt-out; permits issued locally. For anything other than a one- or two-family dwelling, the State Fire Marshal must approve plans before the local authority may legally issue the permit.

No single statewide edition. Miss. Code §17-2-4 requires enforcing jurisdictions to use one of the last three adopted IBC and IRC editions (IRC minus mandatory residential fire sprinklers). The State Fire Marshal adopted the 2024 IFC and 2024 IBC effective July 1 2024 for the buildings it regulates. Ask which edition your jurisdiction enforces.

No statewide map or table. The coastal statute requires "wind and flood mitigation requirements" without naming figures; numbers come from whichever code edition the jurisdiction adopted, referencing ASCE 7. Freeboard is set in local flood damage prevention ordinances, not by the state.

Local option: no single statewide code. Enforcing jurisdictions must use one of the last three IBC/IRC editions (§17-2-4), and the five coastal counties must enforce wind and flood mitigation requirements (§17-2-1). Many other counties opted out and issue no building permits; farm structures are exempt by affidavit.

No statewide building code. Codes are adopted and enforced locally, so the governing edition is whatever the city or county has adopted — anything from the 2000 IRC to the 2024 I-Codes depending on the jurisdiction. Columbia adopted the 2024 International Codes in August 2026, effective October 1 2026, moving off the 2018 editions. Statewide building code bills have been introduced in consecutive sessions — SB 743 (2025) and SB 1431 (2026), both titled the Missouri Building Codes Act — and neither has passed; SB 1431 was referred to the Senate General Laws Committee on February 5 2026.

No statewide table of any kind — wind, snow and seismic criteria come from whatever edition the local jurisdiction adopted, and in a county with no code there is no adopted criteria at all. Use the ASCE 7 Hazard Tool for the exact coordinates and get the numbers onto the purchase order. TORNADO: ASCE 7-22 Chapter 32 tornado load provisions apply to Risk Category III and IV only, so an ordinary Risk Category II shop, garage, warehouse or barn is not designed for tornado loads and no Missouri code requires it to be. SEISMIC governs the anchorage in southeast Missouri regardless of what governs the frame.

Missouri has no statewide building code. Cities adopt their own freely; outside city limits only first and second classification counties may adopt one, and any county that had not done so before August 28 2001 needs a vote of the affected unincorporated area — which is why only 13 of 114 counties have a county residential code. Genuine farm buildings are exempt from county zoning unless they sit inside a mapped flood hazard area.

STATEWIDE MANDATORY, NO LOCAL OPT-OUT AND NO LOCAL CODE-WRITING. New Jersey Uniform Construction Code, N.J.A.C. 5:23. THE EDITION CHANGED ON 2026-08-17: DCA adopted the 2024 I-Code family — 2024 IBC, IRC, IECC, IMC, IFGC, the 2024 National Standard Plumbing Code and the 2023 NEC — applicable to projects submitted on or after that date, with projects holding valid permits generally able to continue under the prior edition. Rule proposal published at 57 N.J.R. 10(2), October 20 2025, filed September 19 2025; comment period closed December 19 2025. The Aug 17 2026 operative date comes from two independent code-consultancy alerts (Jensen Hughes; Cole Schotz), NOT from a primary DCA adoption notice I was able to retrieve — TREAT THE DATE AS RELIABLE BUT SECONDARY and reconfirm before making it load-bearing anywhere else. Energy: 2024 IECC for low-rise residential, ASHRAE 90.1-2022 for commercial and other residential. The proposal also requires Risk Category III and IV buildings to comply with ASCE/SEI 7-22 Chapter 32 tornado loads — a private shop, barn, garage or storage building is Risk Category I or II and is NOT reached. Prior edition was 2021 I-Codes referencing ASCE 7-16.

NEW JERSEY PUBLISHES NO STATEWIDE DESIGN CRITERIA — THIS IS THE FINDING. The amended climatic and geographic design criteria table carries no fixed values for ground snow, wind or seismic; it points to UCC Bulletin 19-1, "Design Loads for Ground Snow, Wind and Seismic" (rev. September 2022, superseding Bulletins 94-8, 03-4, 05-2), which directs designers to the ATC hazards tool or the ASCE 7 hazard tool and states: "Users should provide the most accurate location for the building or structure site by specifying either the known street address, city and state or the latitude and longitude to at least five (5) decimal places." THERE IS THEREFORE NO SUCH THING AS A "NEW JERSEY WIND RATING." CASE-STUDY COUNTY SNOW FALLBACKS from Bulletin 19-1, verbatim: "Sussex, 50 psf; Warren, 35 psf; Hunterdon, 35psf; Passaic, 40 psf; Morris, 35 psf; Somerset, 30 psf." WIND CONVENTION CONVERSION IS IN NJ'S OWN CODE, Table R301.2.1.3: Vult 110/115/120/130/140 → Vasd 85/89/93/101/108, "Linear interpolation is permitted" — roughly a 30% spread on the identical frame. WIND-BORNE DEBRIS: NJ substitutes its own ASTM E1996 §6.2.2 zone text, Wind Zone 1 starting at Vult 130 mph. FROST DEPTH IS THE ONE FIXED STATEWIDE NUMBER, from the code table: "2'6" SNJ; 3'0" NNJ" with footnote "New Jersey is divided into two zones: SNJ consists of Monmouth and Burlington Counties and all counties to the south; NNJ consists of Mercer and Middlesex Counties and all counties to the north." Weathering "Severe," termite "Moderate to Heavy." SEISMIC: R301.2.2 exempts detached one- and two-family dwellings and attached single-family townhouses from the residential code's seismic requirements; IBC §1613 governs everything else. EXPOSURE: standard ASCE definitions, unamended — Exposure D reaches sites with open water 5,000 ft upwind, live on the bay side of the shore. INDICATIVE VALUES pulled from the ASCE hazard tool (ASCE 7-16, Risk Cat II, Site Class D) run Vult 113 mph in Sussex County to 126 mph at Atlantic City, ground snow 20–30 psf mapped, SDC A on the far south coast and B across the rest of the state — TREAT THESE AS ILLUSTRATIVE ONLY. The page deliberately does not publish a city-by-city table, because doing so would contradict the finding.

New Jersey enforces one statewide code with no local opt-out, but the reviewer changes with the building: structures above a use-group-specific size ceiling need a state plan review and release before the town can issue a permit, and a 50x100 falls on either side of that line depending on what you store in it. Steel building kits face a second route to state review as pre-manufactured systems unless the manufacturer holds in-plant approval. The state publishes no wind speed or snow load — design loads are looked up per address — so "rated for New Jersey" is not a meaningful claim. Farm buildings get a separate classification worth roughly 35x on the plan review fee, but still need a permit and still need a sealed design.

2021 NM Commercial Building Code (2021 IBC, 14.7.2 NMAC) and 2021 NM Residential Building Code (2021 IRC, 14.7.3 NMAC), both effective July 14 2023; 2021 NM Residential Energy Conservation Code (2021 IECC, 14.7.6 NMAC) effective Jan 30 2024, transition to Jul 30 2024; 2021 IEBC. Also a state Earthen Building Materials Code (14.7.4 NMAC).

No statewide map or table. 14.7.3 NMAC amends IRC R301.2 so the AHJ fills in climatic and geographic criteria using USGS design-value software. Wind governs on the eastern plains; snow at elevation (Taos, Colfax, Rio Arriba, Otero highlands); seismic along the Rio Grande rift and Socorro corridor. Frost depth minimum 12 in.

Mandatory statewide code administered by the Construction Industries Division; where a county or city has no certified building official, CID itself issues the permit and inspects. Contractors must hold a CID license and the casual-work exemption is only $7,200 a year.

2025 Uniform Code adopted Dec 5 2025, effective Dec 31 2025 — 2025 Building Code of NYS (based on the 2024 IBC), 2025 Residential Code of NYS, 2025 Energy Conservation Construction Code of NYS. The Uniform Code allowed a transition period between adoption and effective date; the ENERGY CODE had no transition period. New York City runs an entirely separate construction code.

SNOW GOVERNS, not wind. Documented New York ground snow load values include 45, 50, 55, 65, 70 and 85 psf — against the 20-30 psf a Southeast-spec kit is engineered for. Ground snow comes from BCNYS Figure 1608.2 / RCNYS Figure R301.2(5) by location, with the local jurisdiction filling in Table R301.2(1). Wind follows the 2024 IBC / ASCE 7-22 national maps; New York publishes no state wind table. Seismic does not govern.

New York enforces one Uniform Code statewide except in New York City, which runs its own construction code; permits come from the local government, or the county, or the Secretary of State if both opt out. Most non-farm buildings need drawings sealed by a New York-licensed engineer or architect.

2018 NC State Building Code (2015 IBC / IRC / IECC base), effective 1/1/2019. The 2024 Code was adopted for 7/1/2025 but suspended by House Bill 47 — no certified effective date exists; usable voluntarily as an alternate method.

Local permit required; NC's bona fide farm exemption waives the Building Code for non-residential farm buildings outside municipalities, but not the trade permits.

Commercial: 2024 Ohio Building Code effective March 1 2024, based on the 2021 ICC codes, referencing ASCE 7-16, ASHRAE 90.1-2019 and the 2023 NEC. Residential: 2019 Residential Code of Ohio — a separate cycle. Adopted by the Ohio Board of Building Standards.

No statewide filled table — each jurisdiction populates its own. Published examples: Sandusky 115 mph ultimate, 20 psf ground snow, SDC A, 42 in frost depth; Columbus 20 psf snow, SDC B, 32 in frost depth. Snow and frost depth govern in Ohio, not wind or seismic. Lake Erie snowbelt counties run above 20 psf.

Ohio splits the difference: commercial metal buildings always need state or certified-local plan approval before construction, while one- to three-family residential permitting exists only where a locality has certified a residential building department. Farm buildings are exempt unless used for retail trade.

2018 IBC/IRC statewide minimum, 2024 editions from Sept 14, 2026. Permits issued locally; county adoption is optional so some rural counties require none. No state GC license.

Uniform Construction Code under Act 45 of 1999 (35 P.S. §7210.101 et seq.), at 34 Pa. Code Ch. 401 and 403. PENNSYLVANIA ADOPTED THE 2021 I-CODES EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1 2026 (IRRC Reg. #12-125, approved October 16 2025, published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin November 8 2025) — anything describing PA as a 2018-code state is stale. The prior edition, the 2018 I-Codes, took effect February 14 2022. The lag is structural: the 2021 codes were published by ICC in January 2021 and took effect in PA five years later, after a Review and Advisory Council process whose public comment period had to be re-run because of advertising defects. ACCESSIBILITY IS FROZEN AT THE 2018 PROVISIONS by a permanent injunction (Pennsylvania Builders Association v. DLI, Commonwealth Court, October 26 2022). The RAC reviews model codes provision by provision rather than wholesale, and PA rejected several IRC sections outright. The 2024 code review is already underway with a public comment deadline of October 4 2026.

PENNSYLVANIA PUBLISHES NOTHING. L&I's own advisory states that ground snow loads for Pennsylvania's political subdivisions will not be developed and published by the Department, and that "Design professionals are responsible for utilizing either the ground snow loads established per Figure 1608.2 of the International Building Code or for developing the ground snow loads for all areas designated as 'Case Study' areas in Pennsylvania" — adding that assistance in case study areas cannot be obtained from the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Table R301.2(1) is therefore filled in municipality by municipality: 2,562 separate answers. Verified published values: Reading (Berks, SE) 25 psf ground snow / 36 in frost; Central Keystone COG (Lycoming, Montour, Northumberland, Perry, Snyder, Union) 35 psf / 40 in / 115 mph; Indiana County 35 psf / 36 in; Mount Pleasant Twp, Westmoreland 40 psf / 36 in; Fairview Twp 40 psf roof / 48 in. Weathering is Severe statewide and ice barrier underlayment is required. Seismic Design Category A or B across the state. CAUTION: municipal tables contain transcription errors — at least one township publishes an SDC and mean annual temperature that are implausible for its county.

Pennsylvania enforces one Uniform Construction Code statewide, and there is no municipality where nothing is required. Each municipality elects whether to administer it locally; in the roughly 10% that opted out, the permit applicant (for dwellings and utility structures) or the owner (for everything else) hires and pays the inspector directly. Genuine agricultural buildings are exempt, as are structures under 1,000 sq ft accessory to a detached one-family dwelling.

2021 IBC/IRC/IFC/IPC/IMC/IFGC with SC modifications and 2020 NEC, effective Jan 1 2023. Energy is the 2009 IECC, adopted by statute (S.C. Code 6-10-30), with IRC Chapter 11 deleted. 2024 I-Codes and 2023 NEC adopted Aug 26 2025 for implementation Jan 1 2027 — the 2009 IECC carries forward unchanged.

Map-driven, not table-driven. The SC Building Codes Council publishes wind and seismic maps for all 46 counties, and S.C. Code 6-9-105(C) forbids using political boundaries for climatological lines — they follow highways, waterbodies and ridgelines. Verified: York County 115 mph / Seismic B; Abbeville County under 115 mph / Seismic C. Coastal values are per-site from the county map. Building officials may use the ASCE Hazard Tool provided the result does not exceed the Council map.

Mandatory statewide — county or city permit required under S.C. Code 6-9-10; farm structures exempt under 6-9-65 only after filing an affidavit with the building official.

2021 IBC (commercial) but 2018 IRC (residential) — separate cycles. Energy: 2021 IECC commercial, 2018 IECC residential. NEC 2017. Memphis/Shelby County enforce the 2015 editions locally.

No statewide figure, and published jurisdiction sheets disagree — 90 mph nominal in parts of East TN to 115 mph on the Cumberland Plateau, with SDC from B to D₀. Site-specific: get it from the AHJ or the ASCE 7 Hazard Tool.

Statewide code enforced by the State Fire Marshal (2021 IBC / 2018 IRC), but counties and cities may opt out of the residential code by two-thirds vote, so some unincorporated areas have no inspection at all. Farm buildings and detached non-residential garages, sheds and barns are exempt. Contractor license required at $25,000.

No county building permit in most unincorporated areas; full permitting inside a city or its ETJ (4–12 weeks). Septic, floodplain and driveway permits still apply.

2021 Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code (13VAC5-63), effective January 18 2024 — Virginia Construction Code on the 2021 IBC, Virginia Residential Code on the 2021 IRC, Virginia Energy Conservation Code on the 2021 IECC, plus the 2020 NEC. Adopted by the Board of Housing and Community Development, administered by DHCD. A 2024 development cycle is underway with no effective date set.

Virginia amended IBC 1609.3 with its own mountainous-terrain rule: 142 mph at 4,000 ft elevation and above, 116 mph below 4,000 ft. Elsewhere Risk Category II comes from the standard code figures — Virginia publishes no county wind table. Section 1608 (snow) is not amended, so ground snow comes straight from ASCE 7 with no state table. Tornado provisions added for Risk Category III and IV only.

Virginia enforces one mandatory statewide building code that supersedes all local building codes; permits come from the local building department everywhere, including unincorporated county land, and genuine farm buildings are statutorily exempt.

2021 IBC and IRC, effective March 15, 2024, after a cycle in which the effective date moved twice. The 2024 I-Codes are already scheduled for May 3, 2027; Washington's vesting statute means a COMPLETE permit application filed before that date locks in the codes in force at filing. Energy: Washington State Energy Code, 2021 edition — WAC 51-11C (Commercial Provisions) and WAC 51-11R (Residential Provisions). The commercial provisions carry WAC 51-11C-40314, the heating-source restriction that is this page's central item. The Wildland-Urban Interface chapter is NOT currently in force — following 2024 legislation the State Building Code Council rescinded its adoption and every section now reads "Reserved," pending statewide hazard mapping by DNR that was still in draft through August 2026. Local wildfire ordinances still apply, and the requirements are expected to return.

No binding statewide ground snow load map. Jurisdictions defer to the Structural Engineers Association of Washington's "Snow Load Analysis for Washington" — a professional-society publication, the same pattern as Colorado (SEAC) and a cousin of Pennsylvania's refusal to publish at all. VERIFIED SNOW VALUES: Redmond 15 psf; Pierce and King County 25 psf floors; Snohomish 25 psf "may increase"; Spokane 39 psf ground / 30 psf minimum roof; Cle Elum, Kittitas County 97 psf. Kittitas runs a formal request service and ISSUES SITE-SPECIFIC DESIGN CRITERIA LETTERS, and requires structural engineering above 70 psf residential / 50 psf commercial. In most of Washington the ground snow load is issued by the building official for the parcel and elevation, not looked up — so a supplier cannot price the frame until that number exists. SEISMIC: western Washington is uniformly Seismic Design Category D. Verified assignments: Snohomish D2/D; Redmond D (D2 residential); Grays Harbor D1/D2; Whatcom D-1 west and D-0 east; Kittitas C/D0/D1 within one county; Spokane C. FROST: shallow, commonly 12–24 inches west of the Cascades — the one line item where Washington beats the national average. Eastern Washington runs deeper; confirm the county figure.

Washington has a mandatory statewide building code with no geographic gaps — a county without a building department must contract enforcement out, so there is nowhere here you can build without a permit process. The commercial energy code prohibits heating a building with fossil fuel or electric resistance appliances, which bans the standard propane shop heater at every size; the two exceptions a shop can reach permit electric resistance only, under a capacity ceiling a single shop heater exceeds. There is no statewide agricultural exemption. Seismic Design Category D across western Washington brings owner-paid third-party special inspections, and a Washington PE seal is required on every building regardless of size.

State Building Code (87CSR4), effective Aug 1 2022: 2018 IBC/IRC/IPC/IMC/IFGC/IEBC/IPMC, 2015 IECC residential, ASHRAE 90.1-2013 commercial, 2020 NEC. Separately the State Fire Code (87CSR1) adopts NFPA 1 and NFPA 101 (2021) and applies STATEWIDE, taking precedence where the two conflict.

No statewide map or table; 2018 codes reference ASCE 7-16, values by coordinates. SNOW generally governs over wind — elevation-dependent in the Allegheny highlands (Tucker, Randolph, Pocahontas, Preston), where site-specific case studies are common. Seismic is low and rarely governs.

Local option — the State Building Code (2018 I-Codes, 2015 IECC, 2020 NEC) applies only in counties and municipalities that formally adopt it and notify the State Fire Marshal, so many rural parcels have no building permit at all. Agricultural buildings are exempt statewide with a Department of Agriculture determination.

TWO SEPARATE STATEWIDE CODES WITH TWO SEPARATE STRUCTURAL STANDARDS. COMMERCIAL: Wis. Admin. Code SPS 361–366, scope at SPS 361.02(1) — "Except as provided in subs. (2) and (3), this code applies to all public buildings and places of employment." Follows the adopted model code and the current national ASCE 7 load standard. DSPS moved to a 2021 IBC-based package for plans submitted from October 1 2025 — SECONDARY SOURCE (UW-Extension), NOT confirmed against a DSPS register filing; reconfirm before making the date load-bearing. RESIDENTIAL: Uniform Dwelling Code, SPS 320–325, mandatory statewide for new one- and two-family dwellings since June 1 1980 (SPS 322 from December 1 1978), per DSPS SPS 320 Commentary: "Homes built prior to these dates are not subject in any way to the Uniform Dwelling Code as far as the state is concerned." SPS 321.02 uses its own simplified snow zone map (Figure 321.02) rather than the national map, and permits wind design to "either a horizontal and uplift pressure of 20 pounds per square foot acting over the surface area or the wind loads determined in accordance with ASCE 7-05." NOT VERIFIED: whether the current SPS 321.02 text still cites ASCE 7-05 or has been updated — the Cornell mirror shows 7-05; docs.legis blocked automated fetch. Flag before quoting the edition specifically.

WISCONSIN'S TWO CODES USE TWO DIFFERENT LOAD SYSTEMS — THE PAGE'S SPINE. COMMERCIAL (SPS 361–366): the adopted model code and the national ASCE 7 standard, current edition. RESIDENTIAL (SPS 321.02): its own simplified zone map for snow, and for wind — verbatim — "Dwellings shall be designed and constructed to withstand either a horizontal and uplift pressure of 20 pounds per square foot acting over the surface area or the wind loads determined in accordance with ASCE 7-05." A FLAT 20 PSF ALTERNATIVE, AND A 2005-VINTAGE STANDARD. SNOW IS THE GOVERNING LOAD IN THIS STATE and the largest driver of frame weight: roughly 30 psf in the far southern counties to 60 psf in the north, rising with latitude, per commercial ground snow load mapping. THE PAGE PUBLISHES THE RANGE AND NOT CITY VALUES — I could not source Figure 321.02's county-by-county values (it is a graphic in the code and did not extract) and did not find primary per-city psf figures for Milwaukee, Madison, Green Bay, Eau Claire, Wausau or Superior. DO NOT ADD SPECIFIC CITY SNOW NUMBERS WITHOUT PULLING THE FIGURE DIRECTLY. FLOOR LIVE LOADS, Table 321.02-1: 40 psf standard, 50 psf garage. FROST/FOOTING, SPS 321.16: "Footings and foundations, including those for landings and stoops, shall be placed below the frost penetration level or at least 48 inches below adjacent grade, whichever is deeper" — 48 IN IS A FLOOR, NOT A CEILING, and northern sites go deeper. SPS 321.15: continuous footings "at least 8 inches nominal" depth, column/pier and chimney/fireplace footings "at least 12 inches." NOT VERIFIED AND NOT PUBLISHED: Wisconsin's design wind speed in mph and Seismic Design Category under the commercial code; the region-by-region frost penetration table (SPS 325 Appendix A); which ASCE 7 edition SPS 362 currently references. INSULATION, SPS 322.32(4)(a): "Steel-frame ceilings, walls and floors shall meet the insulation requirements of Table 322.32 or shall meet the U-factor requirements in Table 322.31-2" — combinations R-13+5, R-15+4, R-21+3 standing in for a wood-frame R-13, scaling to R-13+10 / R-19+9 / R-25+8 at higher equivalents. Continuous insulation outboard of the framing is required because steel bridges thermally.

Wisconsin runs two statewide codes with two different structural standards, and the first question is which one reaches your building — the commercial code applies only to public buildings and places of employment, so a private shop with no employees and no public access may fall outside it at any size, while a dwelling anywhere in the structure pulls the whole building under the Uniform Dwelling Code. Where the commercial code does apply, buildings under 25,000 cubic feet in most non-residential occupancy groups skip state plan review, which is measured by volume rather than floor area. The farm exemption carries a 90 percent locally-grown test that applies when the public uses the building, so on-farm retail can lose the exclusion by changing what it stocks. Local permits and zoning apply regardless.